Introduction
Emergence of nation-states in 19th century Europe through the French Revolution, Napoleon, and unification of Italy and Germany.
1
Nationalism in Europe
French Revolution(1789): sovereignty to citizens. Napoleon spread liberal ideas. Congress of Vienna(1815): restored monarchies. Italy unified 1858-1870 (Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi). Germany unified 1864-1871 by Bismarck through wars. Balkans nationalism contributed to WWI.
Key Points
- •French Revolution: first nation-state concept
- •Napoleon's Civil Code spread equality
- •Italy: Mazzini(ideals), Cavour(diplomacy), Garibaldi(military)
- •Germany: Bismarck's 'blood and iron' policy
- •Balkans: powder keg of Europe
Quick Summary
- ✓French Revolution introduced nation-state
- ✓Italy unified 1858-70; Germany 1864-71
- ✓Balkans nationalism led to WWI
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