Key Concepts
- 1What is sustainable development? Why is it important?
Important Formulas & Facts
Sustainable development: Development that meets present needs without compromising ability of future generations to meet their needs (Brundtland Commission, 1987). Important because: (1) Resources are finite — overuse leads to exhaustion. (2) Environmental degradation affects quality of life. (3) Equitable distribution needed — not just for current generation but for future. (4) Examples: Rainwater harvesting, solar energy, organic farming, afforestation.
Must-Know Questions
Q1Which of the following is a biotic resource?
Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life, such as forests, wildlife, fisheries, livestock, etc. Minerals and soils are abiotic resources.
Q2Which type of soil is ideal for growing cotton?
Black soil (also called Regur soil) is ideal for growing cotton. It is formed by the weathering of basaltic lava and is rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime.
Q3Alluvial soil is found extensively in:
Alluvial soil is found extensively in the northern plains of India, from Punjab to Assam, deposited by the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra river systems. It is the most widely spread and important soil in India.
Q4Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
Over-irrigation is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab. It leads to waterlogging and increased salinity and alkalinity of the soil, making it unfit for cultivation.
Q5The Rio Earth Summit was held in:
The Rio Earth Summit (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development) was held in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It produced Agenda 21 for sustainable development.
Practice Resources and Development
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