Key Concepts
- 1What are the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river valley projects?
Important Formulas & Facts
Advantages: (1) Irrigation — year-round water supply. (2) Electricity — hydroelectric power generation. (3) Flood control — regulates water flow. (4) Inland navigation. (5) Tourism and recreation. (6) Water supply for domestic and industrial use. Disadvantages: (1) Displaces large populations (Narmada displaced 1 million+). (2) Submerges forests and farmland. (3) Disrupts aquatic ecosystems. (4) Causes earthquakes (reservoir-induced seismicity). (5) Sedimentation reduces dam life. (6) Inter-state water disputes.
Must-Know Questions
Q1Which of the following is a reason for water scarcity?
Water scarcity is caused by growing population, overexploitation of water resources, unequal distribution, industrialisation, urbanisation, and water pollution. All these factors reduce available fresh water.
Q2Narmada Bachao Andolan is associated with:
Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a social movement against large dams on the Narmada River, particularly the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat. It was led by Medha Patkar and raised issues of displacement and environmental damage.
Q3Bamboo drip irrigation is practised in:
Bamboo drip irrigation is a traditional method practised in Meghalaya. An about 200-year-old system, it uses bamboo pipes to carry stream water to irrigate plantations, particularly for betel and pepper cultivation.
Q4Which dam is built across the Satluj River?
The Bhakra Nangal Dam is built across the Satluj River in the state of Himachal Pradesh. It is one of the highest gravity dams in the world at 226 metres.
Q5Which of the following is an example of a multipurpose river valley project?
The Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River in Odisha is an example of a multipurpose river valley project. It serves irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation.
Practice Water Resources
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